Nbook of process control systems to cyber-physical attacks

They are perceived as the new generation of embedded control systems such that cps are networked embedded systems. Cyberattacks in particular can sabotage the control of major industrial security systems, or even cause property damage. The economic and societal potential of such systems is vastly greater than what. Securing physical processes against cyber attacks in cyber. In this work we investigate the matter of secure control a novel research direction capturing security objectives specific to industrial control systems ics. Recent at tacks on control component of cps have clearly revealed that relying exclusively on cybersecurity techniques. Its mission was to derail the uranium enrichment process at irans natanz nuclear facility by. Trustworthy embedded computing for cyberphysical control lee wilmoth lerner abstract a cyberphysical controller cpc uses computing to control a physical process. Introduction a cyber physical system cps consists of two important components namely. The book explores how attacks using computers affect the physical world in. Special issue on secure control of cyber physical systems.

Behaviourbased security for cyberphysical systems ercim news 107. On the effect of jaming attacks on cyber physical systems with the focus on target tracking applications by emad guirguis, b. Cyber physical systems encompass any computational systems that interact with physical processes, encompassing critical infrastructure networks, industrial control system networks, scada networks, and more. Towards distinguishing between cyber attacks and faults in cyber physical systems by aaron william werth thesis submitted to the faculty of the graduate school of vanderbilt university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in electrical engineering may, 2014 nashville, tennessee approved. Forbes takes privacy seriously and is committed to transparency. The creation of cyberphysical systems posed new challenges for people. As figure 1 shows, a typical hilcps consists of a loop involv ing a human, an embedded system the cyber component, and the physical environment. Mar 08, 2017 the world of cyberphysical systems and the rising risk of cyberkinetic attacks published on march 8, 2017 march 8, 2017 106 likes 3 comments. We provide an empirical analysis of the well known tennessee eastman process control challenge problem to gain insights into the behavior of a physical process when confronted with cyber physical attacks.

The integration of computation, communication, and control units has led to the birth and rapid development of a new generation of engineering systems, the cyber physical systems cps, which have been increasingly used in fields ranging from aerospace, automobile, industrial process control, to energy, healthcare, manufacturing and. The integration of computation, communication, and control units has led to the birth and rapid development of a new generation of engineering systems, the cyberphysical systems cps, which have been increasingly used in fields ranging from aerospace, automobile, industrial process control, to energy, healthcare. Security issues and challenges for cyber physical system. The world of cyberphysical systems and the rising risk of cyberkinetic attacks published on march 8, 2017 march 8, 2017 106 likes 3 comments. Models, fundamental limitations and monitor design fabio pasqualetti, florian dor. Cyber attack causes physical damage at german iron plant. In essence, it details the ways cyberphysical attacks are replacing physical attacks in crime, warfare, and terrorism. The future of human intheloop cyberphysical systems. Enhanching security in the future cyber physical systems. Cyberphysical attackoriented industrial control systems ics. Are you aware of the threats to your physical security system.

Security of industrial control systems and cyber physical systems. When we have smarter and highlyconfident cyberphysical systems, we should carefully consider the possible vulnerabilities on these systems. The next computing revolution ragunathan raj rajkumar carnegie mellon university. Cyberphysical production systems are modern production systems.

Dec 29, 2014 cyber attack causes physical damage at german iron plant. This poses a significant issue, as cyberattacks on cyberphysical systems could result in damage to the machines themselves or the humans who interact with them. Analyzing cyberphysical attacks on networked industrial. The creation of cyber physical systems posed new challenges for people. Two main abstractions of cyber physical systems as shown in figure 1, cps can be seen as a family of control systems related to the domain of embedded sensor and actuator networks 2, thus close relative of process control systems pcs and of supervisory control and data acquisition scada systems. Kumar abstractcyberphysical systems cps are a next generation of engineered systems in which computing, communication, and control technologies are tightly integrated.

Securing physical processes against cyber attacks in cyber physical systems nishanth gaddam, g. Oct 03, 2017 cyber attacks in particular can sabotage the control of major industrial security systems, or even cause property damage. In fact, security for cyberphysical systems is a relatively new area and not. Trustworthy embedded computing for cyberphysical control lee. Part of the lecture notes in computer science book series lncs, volume 8208. This paper will cover some of the history and evolution of todays control. In particular, it considers an adversary who has compromised sensor signals and has to decide on the best time to launch an attack. Cyber physical systems cpss are integrations of networks, computation and physical processes, where embedded computing devices continually sense, monitor, and control the physical processes through networks. Cybersecurity of scada and other industrial control systems. Design methodologies for securing cyberphysical systems. Distributed control for cyberphysical systems abstract networked cyberphysical systems cps are fundamentally constrained by the tight coupling and closedloop control and actuation of physical processes. Both of these things have been done, and both are attacks against cyber physical systems cps. In particular, we investigate the impact of integrity and dos attacks on sensors which measure physical phenomena. Optimal attack against cyberphysical control systems with reactive attack mitigationeenergy 17, may 1619, 2017, shatin, hong kong physical process actuators sensors communication network detector attack mitigation kalman filter control algorithm attack detected attack undetected feedback controller figure 1.

Resilience of process control systems to cyberphysical. Theory, design and applications in smart grids li, husheng on. The book, which contains a few color illustrations, includes. University of california, berkeley abstract in this position paper we investigate the security of cyberphysical systems. This poses a significant issue, as cyber attacks on cyber physical systems could result in damage to the machines themselves or the humans who interact with them. Social engineering, which typically occurs early in the cyber attack process, relies on manipulating human nature, communication, and social behavior to gain information about a target or access their systems. From theory to practice provides stateoftheart research results and reports on emerging trends related to the science, technology, and engineering of cps, including system architecture, development, modeling, simulation, security, privacy, trust, and energy efficiency. These systems need to be engineered in such a way so that they can be continuously monitored. A prominent example of a cyberphysical attack was the stuxnet worm that targeted iranian centrifuges used for refining uranium.

Cyber computation, communication, and control that are discrete, logical, and switched physical natural and humanmade systems governed by the laws of physics and operating in continuous time cyberphysical systems systems in which the cyber and physical systems are tightly integrated at all scales and levels. Ensuring the information security of cyber physical systems is one of the most complex problems in a wide range of defenses against cyber attacks. Knapp, joel thomas langill industrial network security. The challenge is to develop a fully integrated robust, stable, failurefree advanced. Social engineering, which typically occurs early in the cyberattack process, relies on manipulating human nature, communication, and social behavior to gain information about a target or access their systems. By exploiting the communication infrastructure among the sensors, actuators, and control systems, attackers may compromise the security of a cps. Analyzing cyberphysical attacks on networked industrial control systems bela genge, igor nai fovino, christos siaterlis and marcelo masera abstract considerable research has focused on securing scada systems and protocols, but an e. Example cpcs can be found in selfdriving automobiles, unmanned aerial vehicles, and other autonomous systems. Researchers start to concern about the security of cps.

Principles of cyberphysical systems mit press ebooks free. Securing physical processes against cyber attacks in cyberphysical systems nishanth gaddam, g. Such systems involve the use of multiple layers of interdependent systems which include cctv systems, communication systems. Communications for control in cyber physical systems. We provide an empirical analysis of the well known tennessee eastman process control challenge problem to gain insights into the behavior of a physical process when confronted with cyberphysical attacks. The aim of this paper is to analyse and classify existing research papers on the security of cyber physical systems. Introduction safe and reliable operation of infrastructures is of major societal importance. Related works in it security and classical control are also identi. What is the definition for cyber physical production system. Cyberphysical systems and their security issues sciencedirect.

Or, someone hacking into a drone and taking control. Unifying control and verification of cyberphysical systems uncovercps mission cyberphysical systems are very hard to control and verify because of the mix of discrete dynamics originating from computing elements and continuous dynamics originating from physical elements. With that being said, there is a lot that must be done to ensure physical damage from cyber attacks is never underestimated. Mina guirguis a cyberphysical system cps is a one that features coordination between computational and physical components. This security through obscurity concept generally worked well for environments. Each subsection details an overview of the key problems, contributions, and results for each contribution. Various vulnerabilities, threats, attacks, and controls have been introduced for the new generation of cps. Recent attacks on industrial control systems ics show the vulnerabilities of the existing icss. A physical security system is a system designed to deny unauthorized access to facilities, equipment and resources and to protect personnel and property from damage or harm such as espionage, theft, or terrorist attacks. Trustworthy embedded computing for cyberphysical control. Process control systems keywords cyberphysical systems, security, attack space, secure control systems 1.

Cyberphysical systems security a survey abdulmalik humayed, jingqiang lin, fengjun li, and bo luo abstractwith the exponential growth of cyberphysical systems cps, new security challenges have emerged. The cyber system closely interacts with the physical system to either controlautomate some of its. Cyberphysical attacks on industrial control systems request pdf. This book offers chapters on ics cyber threats, attacks, metrics, risk.

Pdf cyberphysical systems in industrial process control. A prominent example of a cyber physical attack was the stuxnet worm that targeted iranian centrifuges used for refining uranium. With that being said, there is a lot that must be done to ensure physical damage from cyberattacks is never underestimated. In a networked environment, the security of the physical machines depends on the security of the electronic control systems, but cybersecurity is not typically the main design concern. How to protect yourself now in cyber warfare managing cyber attacks in international. In cyberphysical systems, physical and software components are deeply intertwined, able to operate on different spatial and temporal scales, exhibit multiple and distinct behavioral modalities, and interact with each other in ways that change with context. Cyberphysical system security for networked industrial. Unifying control and verification of cyberphysical.

Networked industrial processes combining internet, realtime computer control systems and industrial processes together are typical cpss. Accountability is key to securing control systems focus on detecting attacks preliminary ideas on responsibilityassignment, corrective measures causal information flow analysis will enable a unified foundation for accountability in control systems 9 joint work with kar, sinopoli, weerakkody at cmu technical paper on arxiv. Ensuring the information security of cyberphysical systems is one of the most complex problems in a wide range of defenses against cyberattacks. To address actuation in such closedloop wireless control. Cyber physical system cps is a system where cyber and physical components work in a complex coordination to provide better performance.

The most essential difference between information technology it and industrial control systems ics is that icss are cyberphysical systems cps and th. One emergency solution is to detect the anomalies and to defend the icsscada systems. Oct 09, 2015 special issue on secure control of cyber physical systems. Abstractfuture power networks will be characterized by safe and reliable functionality against physical and cyber attacks. A perspective at the centennial kyoungdae kim and p. A secure national industrial network between hub nodes and local organisations. Sep 28, 2016 importantly, industrial control systems ics, a large class of cyber physical systems composed of specialised industrial computers and networks, are employed to control and manage critical national infrastructure, such as power, transportation and health infrastructure. We have mutually beneficial links and exchanges with traditional it cyber security organisations. As a largescale interconnected system of heterogeneous components integrating computation with physical processes, cyber physical systems cps can greatly improve the efficiency of industrial. As the sophistication of cyberattacks increases, understanding how to defend critical. This paper introduces a new problem formulation for assessing the vulnerabilities of process control systems.

Understanding the physical damage of cyber attacks. Two main abstractions of cyberphysical systems as shown in figure 1, cps can be seen as a family of control systems related to the domain of embedded sensor and actuator networks 2, thus close relative of process control systems pcs and of supervisory control and data acquisition scada systems. A growing invisible threat presents the growing list of harmful uses of computers and their ability to disable cameras, turn off a buildings lights, make a car veer off the road, or a drone land in enemy hands. Texas state universitysan marcos may 2012 supervising professor. Securing cyber physical systems explores the cybersecurity needed for cps, with a. Cyber physical systems cpss are electronic control systems that control physical machines such as motors and valves in an industrial plant. The world of cyberphysical systems and the rising risk of. Securing cyberphysical systems explores the cybersecurity needed for cps, with a. Cyberphysical attacks on industrial control systems. Advances in information and communication technology book series ifipaict, volume 441.

A framework for supporting active cyber defense advances in information security cyber attacks. Namely, malicious attackers are more likely to make the process control systems misbehave while remaining operational much like stuxnet aimed to do. The industrial cyber physical security forum is not traditional it, it is industrial cyber physical and industrial iot. This dissertation presents contributions to several problems relevant to cyber physical system cps vulnerability research. Unifying control and verification of cyberphysical systems. Resilience of process control systems to cyberphysical attacks. Today its quite common to see discussions of industrial controls paired cyberphysical security. Attack models and scenarios for networked control systems. Principles of cyberphysical systems mit press cyber denial, deception and counter deception. A cyberphysical system cps is a system in which a mechanism is controlled or monitored by computerbased algorithms. The key, langner says, is to identify any possible direct paths from the cyber side to the physical side of the plant, such as a smart sensor, for example. As a largescale interconnected system of heterogeneous components integrating computation with physical processes, cyberphysical systems cps can greatly improve the efficiency of industrial.

Think about someone taking control of your car while youre driving. Cyberphysical systems cpss are integrations of networks, computation and physical processes, where embedded computing devices continually sense, monitor, and control the physical processes through networks. Request pdf cyberphysical attacks on industrial control systems being an area of. Both of these things have been done, and both are attacks against cyberphysical systems cps. Controltheoretic methods for cyberphysical security. The aim of this paper is to analyse and classify existing research papers on the security of cyberphysical systems. They are also used in largescale industrial control systems icss. Optimal attack against cyberphysical control systems with. Cyber physical systems cps are integrations of computation and physical processes. The task of selecting the best time to attack is formulated as an optimal stopping problem. Cyberphysical systems cps are integrations of computation and physical processes. Towards distinguishing between cyberattacks and faults in cyberphysical systems by aaron william werth thesis submitted to the faculty of the graduate school of vanderbilt university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in electrical engineering may, 2014 nashville, tennessee approved. Cyberphysical industrial control systems cyber and. Research on cpss is fundamentally important for engineered systems in many.

Embedded computers and networks monitor and control the physical processes, usually with feedback loops where physical processes affect computations and vice versa. They consist of many distributed elements which can process the data and make some decisions. What are the cybersecurity threats to a physical security system. Timing of cyberphysical attacks on process control systems. Phishing is actually an electronic version of another tactic known as social engineering.